| Customization: | Available |
|---|---|
| CAS No.: | 7487-88-9 |
| Formula: | Mgso4 |
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Introduction to Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate, commonly known by its chemical formula MgSO4, is an inorganic compound that plays a pivotal role in various industries, scientific research, and everyday applications. Derived from magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen, this odorless, white crystalline solid is renowned for its hygroscopic nature and versatile properties. In this article, we will delve into its chemical structure, production methods, physical and chemical properties, applications across different fields, safety considerations, and environmental impact.
Chemical Structure and Nomenclature
Magnesium sulfate is an ionic compound composed of magnesium cations (Mg2+) and sulfate anions (SO42-), held together by strong electrostatic forces. The anhydrous form, as the name suggests, contains no water molecules in its crystal lattice, distinguishing it from its hydrated counterparts like epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O), which has seven water molecules per formula unit. This structural difference significantly impacts their physical properties, such as solubility and thermal behavior.
The compound's systematic name is magnesium sulfate, but it is often referred to as "anhydrous magnesium sulfate" to emphasize the absence of water. In industrial contexts, it may also be called "bitter salt" due to its slightly bitter taste, though this term is more commonly associated with hydrated forms.
Production Methods
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is primarily produced through two main methods:
1. Dehydration of Hydrated Forms:
The most common route involves heating hydrated magnesium sulfate, such as the heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O), to remove water molecules. This process, known as dehydration, is typically carried out at elevated temperatures (e.g., 200-300°C) in a controlled environment to prevent further decomposition.
This method is widely used in laboratories and industries due to the abundance of hydrated magnesium sulfate deposits, such as those found in natural brines or mineral sources.
2. Chemical Synthesis:
Anhydrous MgSO4 can also be synthesized by reacting magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), or magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
This acid-base neutralization reaction yields magnesium sulfate and water, which is then evaporated to obtain the anhydrous solid. This method is preferred when high-purity products are required, such as in food applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate exhibits distinct physical and chemical characteristics that make it indispensable in various applications:
Physical Properties:
- Appearance: White, odorless crystalline powder or granules.
- Density: ~2.66 g/cm³ (higher than hydrated forms due to the absence of water).
- Melting Point: Decomposes before melting at approximately 1,124°C, releasing sulfur trioxide (SO3) and forming magnesium oxide (MgO).
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (26.9 g/100 mL at 20°C) and slightly soluble in ethanol and glycerol. Its solubility increases with temperature, making it useful in crystallization processes.
- Hygroscopicity: Readily absorbs moisture from the air, which is why it is often used as a drying agent (desiccant) in laboratories and industries.
Chemical Properties:
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions but undergoes thermal decomposition at high temperatures
- Reactivity: As a salt, it can participate in various chemical reactions, such as:
- Double Displacement Reactions: Reacting with soluble barium salts to form barium sulfate (BaSO4) and magnesium salts
- Formation of Hydrates: In humid environments, anhydrous MgSO4 can absorb water to form hydrated salts like MgSO4·H2O or MgSO4·7H2O, a process known as hygroscopic hydration.
Industry Grade:
| TEST ITEMS | TEST STANDARD | TEST RESULT |
| MgSO4 | ≥98% | 98.23% |
| MgO | ≥32.66% | 32.8% |
| Mg | ≥19.6% | 19.8% |
| WATER INSOLUBLE | ≤0.1% | 0.1% |
| IRON(Fe) | ≤0.0015% | 0.0014% |
| CHLORIDE(Cl) | ≤0.014% | 0.014% |
| HEAVY METAL(Pb) | ≤0.0008% | 0.0007% |
| As | ≤0.0002% | 0.0002% |
| Cd | ≤0.0001% | 0.0001% |
| CONCLUSION | QUALIFIED |
Food Grade:
| ITEMS | SPECIFICATIONS | TEST RESULTS |
| Appearance | White Powder | complied |
| Color | White | complied |
| Main content(after ignition) | ≥99% | 99.36% |
| Chloride (Cl) | <0.014% | Complies |
| lron (Fe) | <0.002% | Complies |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | <0.0008% | Complies |
| As | <0.0002% | Complies |
| Water insoluble material | ≤0.1% | Complies |
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| Industry Salt | Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous |
| Calcium Chloride | Citric Acid |
| Magnesium Chloride | Magnesium Oxide |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Hydrated Lime |
| Sodium Carbonate | Ferrous Sulfate |
| Sodium Bicarbonate(Baking Soda) | Ammonium Sulfate |
| Sodium Metabisulfite | Aluminum Sulfate |
| Sodium Sulfite Anhydrous | Polyaluminum Chloride |
Shandong Jiuchong Chemical Company Limited was founded in 2016, which is located in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China. We have 228 square meters of office space. Now Jiuchong chemical is a large modern international chemical enterprise with more than 28 series. Since our establishment, the company has gradually established and improved a sound supply chain system, quality monitoring system and service system, ensuring products quality and service.
At the same time, relying on our own geographical location and resource advantages, our company is committed to the optimization of a variety of chemical supply chain, including magnesium chloride, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, polyaluminium chloride, aluminium sulfate, industrial salt, soda ash etc.
Our products are sold well in 288 domestic cities and more than 36 foreign countries. Now the company has won the praise and trust of domestic and foreign customers. Based on stable quality and output, good team service and staff efforts, we will continue to develop domestic and foreign markets.
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